Pharmacotherapeutics in Exotic Small Mammals: an Update and a Review

Introduction Pharmacokinetic studies in exotic small mammals are lacking and, therefore, most of the dosages used in these species are based on empirical data, observations, and experience. Because drug uptake depends on factors such as age, sex, physiology, disease state, diet, etc., it is important for us as veterinarians to know some of the pharmacobiologic, physiologic, and anatomic characteristics of these species. It should also be noted that most of the drugs used in exotic small mammals are extralabel. This review outlines drug administration sites, compounding, and some of the issues involved in selecting an antibiotic, analgesic, or nonsteroidal, anti-infl ammatory drugs for use in exotic small mammals.